CF1768D.Lucky Permutation
普及+/提高
通过率:0%
时间限制:1.00s
内存限制:256MB
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题目描述
You are given a permutation† p of length n.
In one operation, you can choose two indices 1≤i<j≤n and swap pi with pj.
Find the minimum number of operations needed to have exactly one inversion‡ in the permutation.
† A permutation is an array consisting of n distinct integers from 1 to n in arbitrary order. For example, [2,3,1,5,4] is a permutation, but [1,2,2] is not a permutation (2 appears twice in the array), and [1,3,4] is also not a permutation (n=3 but there is 4 in the array).
‡ The number of inversions of a permutation p is the number of pairs of indices (i,j) such that 1≤i<j≤n and pi>pj.
给你一个长度为 n 的排列† p。
在一次操作中,你可以选择两个下标 1≤i<j≤n,并交换 pi 与 pj。
求使该排列中恰好存在一个逆序对‡ 所需的最少操作次数。
† 排列是由 1 到 n 的 n 个互不相同的整数以任意顺序组成的数组。例如,[2,3,1,5,4] 是一个排列,但 [1,2,2] 不是排列(数组中数字 2 出现了两次),[1,3,4] 也不是排列(此时 n=3,但数组中出现了 4)。
‡ 排列 p 的逆序对数量,是指满足 1≤i<j≤n 且 pi>pj 的下标对 (i,j) 的个数。
输入格式
The first line contains a single integer t (1≤t≤104) — the number of test cases. The description of test cases follows.
The first line of each test case contains a single integer n (2≤n≤2⋅105).
The second line of each test case contains n integers p1,p2,…,pn (1≤pi≤n). It is guaranteed that p is a permutation.
It is guaranteed that the sum of n over all test cases does not exceed 2⋅105.
第一行包含一个整数 t(1≤t≤104)—— 表示测试用例的数量。随后是各测试用例的描述。
每个测试用例的第一行包含一个整数 n(2≤n≤2⋅105)。
每个测试用例的第二行包含 n 个整数 p1,p2,…,pn(1≤pi≤n)。保证 p 是一个排列。
保证所有测试用例的 n 值之和不超过 2⋅105。
输出格式
For each test case output a single integer — the minimum number of operations needed to have exactly one inversion in the permutation. It can be proven that an answer always exists.
对于每个测试用例,输出一个整数——使排列中恰好存在一个逆序对所需的最少操作次数。可以证明答案一定存在。
输入输出样例
输入#1
4 2 2 1 2 1 2 4 3 4 1 2 4 2 4 3 1
输出#1
0 1 3 1
说明/提示
In the first test case, the permutation already satisfies the condition.
In the second test case, you can perform the operation with (i,j)=(1,2), after that the permutation will be [2,1] which has exactly one inversion.
In the third test case, it is not possible to satisfy the condition with less than 3 operations. However, if we perform 3 operations with (i,j) being (1,3),(2,4), and (3,4) in that order, the final permutation will be [1,2,4,3] which has exactly one inversion.
In the fourth test case, you can perform the operation with (i,j)=(2,4), after that the permutation will be [2,1,3,4] which has exactly one inversion.
在第一个测试用例中,该排列已经满足条件。
在第二个测试用例中,你可以执行一次操作 (i,j)=(1,2),操作后排列变为 [2,1],其恰好包含一个逆序对。
在第三个测试用例中,无法通过少于 3 次操作满足条件。然而,若按顺序执行三次操作,对应的 (i,j) 分别为 (1,3)、(2,4) 和 (3,4),则最终排列为 [1,2,4,3],其恰好包含一个逆序对。
在第四个测试用例中,你可以执行一次操作 (i,j)=(2,4),操作后排列变为 [2,1,3,4],其恰好包含一个逆序对。
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