CF1619D.New Year's Problem
普及+/提高
通过率:0%
时间限制:2.00s
内存限制:256MB
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题目描述
Vlad has n friends, for each of whom he wants to buy one gift for the New Year.
There are m shops in the city, in each of which he can buy a gift for any of his friends. If the j-th friend (1≤j≤n) receives a gift bought in the shop with the number i (1≤i≤m), then the friend receives pij units of joy. The rectangular table pij is given in the input.
Vlad has time to visit at most n−1 shops (where n is the number of friends). He chooses which shops he will visit and for which friends he will buy gifts in each of them.
Let the j-th friend receive aj units of joy from Vlad's gift. Let's find the value α=mina1,a2,…,an. Vlad's goal is to buy gifts so that the value of α is as large as possible. In other words, Vlad wants to maximize the minimum of the joys of his friends.
For example, let m=2, n=2. Let the joy from the gifts that we can buy in the first shop: p11=1, p12=2, in the second shop: p21=3, p22=4.
Then it is enough for Vlad to go only to the second shop and buy a gift for the first friend, bringing joy 3, and for the second — bringing joy 4. In this case, the value α will be equal to min3,4=3
Help Vlad choose gifts for his friends so that the value of α is as high as possible. Please note that each friend must receive one gift. Vlad can visit at most n−1 shops (where n is the number of friends). In the shop, he can buy any number of gifts.
弗拉德有 n 个朋友,他想为每位朋友各买一份新年礼物。
城市里共有 m 家商店,每家商店均可为任意一位朋友购买礼物。若第 j 位朋友(1≤j≤n)收到在编号为 i 的商店(1≤i≤m)购买的礼物,则该朋友获得 pij 单位的快乐值。输入中会给出一个大小为 n×m 的矩形表格 pij。
弗拉德最多只能访问 n−1 家商店(其中 n 为朋友人数)。他需要自行决定访问哪些商店,并在每家商店中为哪些朋友购买礼物。
设第 j 位朋友从弗拉德赠送的礼物中获得 aj 单位的快乐值。定义 α=min{a1,a2,…,an}。弗拉德的目标是使 α 尽可能大,即最大化所有朋友所获快乐值中的最小值。
例如,设 m=2,n=2。第一家商店可提供的礼物快乐值为:p11=1,p12=2;第二家商店可提供的礼物快乐值为:p21=3,p22=4。
此时,弗拉德只需访问第二家商店:为第一位朋友购买快乐值为 3 的礼物,为第二位朋友购买快乐值为 4 的礼物。此时 α=min{3,4}=3。
请帮助弗拉德为其朋友们挑选礼物,使得 α 尽可能大。注意:每位朋友必须恰好收到一份礼物;弗拉德最多只能访问 n−1 家商店(其中 n 为朋友人数);在某一家商店中,他可以购买任意数量的礼物。
输入格式
The first line of the input contains an integer t (1≤t≤104) — the number of test cases in the input.
An empty line is written before each test case. Then there is a line containing integers m and n (2≤n, 2≤n⋅m≤105) separated by a space — the number of shops and the number of friends, where n⋅m is the product of n and m.
Then m lines follow, each containing n numbers. The number in the i-th row of the j-th column pij (1≤pij≤109) is the joy of the product intended for friend number j in shop number i.
It is guaranteed that the sum of the values n⋅m over all test cases in the test does not exceed 105.
输入的第一行包含一个整数 t(1≤t≤104)—— 表示输入中测试用例的数量。
每个测试用例前均有一空行。随后是一行,包含两个由空格分隔的整数 m 和 n(2≤n,2≤n⋅m≤105)—— 分别表示商店数量和朋友数量,其中 n⋅m 是 n 与 m 的乘积。
接下来是 m 行,每行包含 n 个数字。第 i 行第 j 列的数字 pij(1≤pij≤109)表示在第 i 家商店中、为第 j 位朋友准备的商品所带来的快乐值。
保证所有测试用例中 n⋅m 的总和不超过 105。
输出格式
Print t lines, each line must contain the answer to the corresponding test case — the maximum possible value of α, where α is the minimum of the joys from a gift for all of Vlad's friends.
输出 t 行,每行必须包含对应测试用例的答案——即 α 的最大可能值,其中 α 是 Vlad 的所有朋友从礼物中获得的喜悦值中的最小值。
输入输出样例
输入#1
5 2 2 1 2 3 4 4 3 1 3 1 3 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 3 2 3 5 3 4 2 5 1 4 2 7 9 8 1 9 6 10 8 2 4 6 5 2 1 7 9 7 2
输出#1
3 2 4 8 2
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