CF1385D.a-Good String

普及/提高-

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时间限制:2.00s

内存限制:256MB

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题目描述

You are given a string s[1…n]s[1 \dots n] consisting of lowercase Latin letters. It is guaranteed that n=2kn = 2^k for some integer k≥0k \ge 0.

The string s[1…n]s[1 \dots n] is called cc-good if at least one of the following three conditions is satisfied:

  • The length of ss is 11, and it consists of the character cc (i.e. s1=cs_1=c);
  • The length of ss is greater than 11, the first half of the string consists of only the character cc (i.e. s1=s2=⋯=sn2=cs_1=s_2=\dots=s_{\frac{n}{2}}=c) and the second half of the string (i.e. the string sn2+1sn2+2…sns_{\frac{n}{2} + 1}s_{\frac{n}{2} + 2} \dots s_n) is a (c+1)(c+1)-good string;
  • The length of ss is greater than 11, the second half of the string consists of only the character cc (i.e. sn2+1=sn2+2=⋯=sn=cs_{\frac{n}{2} + 1}=s_{\frac{n}{2} + 2}=\dots=s_n=c) and the first half of the string (i.e. the string s1s2…sn2s_1s_2 \dots s_{\frac{n}{2}}) is a (c+1)(c+1)-good string.

For example: "aabc" is 'a'-good, "ffgheeee" is 'e'-good.

In one move, you can choose one index ii from 11 to nn and replace sis_i with any lowercase Latin letter (any character from 'a' to 'z').

Your task is to find the minimum number of moves required to obtain an 'a'-good string from ss (i.e. cc-good string for c=c= 'a'). It is guaranteed that the answer always exists.

You have to answer tt independent test cases.

Another example of an 'a'-good string is as follows. Consider the string $s = $"cdbbaaaa". It is an 'a'-good string, because:

  • the second half of the string ("aaaa") consists of only the character 'a';
  • the first half of the string ("cdbb") is 'b'-good string, because:
    • the second half of the string ("bb") consists of only the character 'b';
    • the first half of the string ("cd") is 'c'-good string, because:
      • the first half of the string ("c") consists of only the character 'c';
      • the second half of the string ("d") is 'd'-good string.

给你一个长度为 nn 的字符串 s[1…n]s[1 \dots n],由小写拉丁字母组成。保证 n=2kn = 2^k(其中 k≥0k \ge 0 为整数)。

若字符串 s[1…n]s[1 \dots n] 满足以下三个条件中的至少一个,则称其为 cc-good(关于字符 cc 是“好”的):

  • 字符串长度为 11,且该字符恰好为 cc(即 s1=cs_1 = c);
  • 字符串长度大于 11,且前半部分(即 s1s2…sn2s_1 s_2 \dots s_{\frac{n}{2}})全部由字符 cc 组成(即 s1=s2=⋯=sn2=cs_1 = s_2 = \dots = s_{\frac{n}{2}} = c),而后半部分(即 sn2+1sn2+2…sns_{\frac{n}{2} + 1} s_{\frac{n}{2} + 2} \dots s_n)是一个 (c+1)(c+1)-good 字符串;
  • 字符串长度大于 11,且后半部分(即 sn2+1sn2+2…sns_{\frac{n}{2} + 1} s_{\frac{n}{2} + 2} \dots s_n)全部由字符 cc 组成(即 sn2+1=sn2+2=⋯=sn=cs_{\frac{n}{2} + 1} = s_{\frac{n}{2} + 2} = \dots = s_n = c),而前半部分(即 s1s2…sn2s_1 s_2 \dots s_{\frac{n}{2}})是一个 (c+1)(c+1)-good 字符串。

例如:"aabc" 是 'a'-good 字符串,"ffgheeee" 是 'e'-good 字符串。

在一次操作中,你可以选择一个下标 ii(1≤i≤n1 \le i \le n),并将 sis_i 替换为任意一个小写拉丁字母(即从 'a' 到 'z' 中的任意字符)。

你的任务是:求出将给定字符串 ss 变为一个 'a'-good 字符串(即 cc-good 字符串,其中 c=c = 'a')所需的最少操作次数。题目保证答案一定存在。

你需要处理 tt 个相互独立的测试用例。

另一个 'a'-good 字符串的例子如下:考虑字符串 s=s = "cdbbaaaa",它是 'a'-good 的,因为:

  • 字符串的后半部分("aaaa")完全由字符 'a' 组成;
  • 字符串的前半部分("cdbb")是一个 'b'-good 字符串,因为:
    • 它的后半部分("bb")完全由字符 'b' 组成;
    • 它的前半部分("cd")是一个 'c'-good 字符串,因为:
      • 它的前半部分("c")完全由字符 'c' 组成;
      • 它的后半部分("d")是一个 'd'-good 字符串。

输入格式

The first line of the input contains one integer tt (1≤t≤2⋅1041 \le t \le 2 \cdot 10^4) — the number of test cases. Then tt test cases follow.

The first line of the test case contains one integer nn (1≤n≤131 0721 \le n \le 131~072) — the length of ss. It is guaranteed that n=2kn = 2^k for some integer k≥0k \ge 0. The second line of the test case contains the string ss consisting of nn lowercase Latin letters.

It is guaranteed that the sum of nn does not exceed 2⋅1052 \cdot 10^5 (∑n≤2⋅105\sum n \le 2 \cdot 10^5).

输入的第一行包含一个整数 tt(1≤t≤2⋅1041 \le t \le 2 \cdot 10^4),表示测试用例的数量。随后是 tt 个测试用例。

每个测试用例的第一行包含一个整数 nn(1≤n≤131 0721 \le n \le 131~072),表示字符串 ss 的长度。保证 n=2kn = 2^k,其中 kk 是某个满足 k≥0k \ge 0 的整数。每个测试用例的第二行包含一个由 nn 个小写拉丁字母组成的字符串 ss。

保证所有测试用例中 nn 的总和不超过 2⋅1052 \cdot 10^5(即 ∑n≤2⋅105\sum n \le 2 \cdot 10^5)。

输出格式

For each test case, print the answer — the minimum number of moves required to obtain an 'a'-good string from ss (i.e. cc-good string with c=c = 'a'). It is guaranteed that the answer exists.

对于每个测试用例,输出答案——将字符串 ss 变为 'a'-good 字符串(即满足 c=c = 'a' 的 cc-good 字符串)所需的最少操作次数。保证答案存在。

输入输出样例

  • 输入#1

    6
    8
    bbdcaaaa
    8
    asdfghjk
    8
    ceaaaabb
    8
    bbaaddcc
    1
    z
    2
    ac

    输出#1

    0
    7
    4
    5
    1
    1

输入解题思路,AI测评打分。不知道怎么写?

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