CF1055F.Tree and XOR

省选/NOI-

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题目描述

You are given a connected undirected graph without cycles (that is, a tree) of nn vertices, moreover, there is a non-negative integer written on every edge.

Consider all pairs of vertices (v,u)(v, u) (that is, there are exactly n2n^2 such pairs) and for each pair calculate the bitwise exclusive or (xor) of all integers on edges of the simple path between vv and uu. If the path consists of one vertex only, then xor of all integers on edges of this path is equal to 00.

Suppose we sorted the resulting n2n^2 values in non-decreasing order. You need to find the kk-th of them.

The definition of xor is as follows.

Given two integers xx and yy, consider their binary representations (possibly with leading zeros): xk…x2x1x0x_k \dots x_2 x_1 x_0 and yk…y2y1y0y_k \dots y_2 y_1 y_0 (where kk is any number so that all bits of xx and yy can be represented). Here, xix_i is the ii-th bit of the number xx and yiy_i is the ii-th bit of the number yy. Let r=x⊕yr = x \oplus y be the result of the xor operation of xx and yy. Then rr is defined as rk…r2r1r0r_k \dots r_2 r_1 r_0 where:

r\_i = \\left\\{ \\begin{aligned} 1, ~ \\text{if} ~ x\_i \\ne y\_i \\\\ 0, ~ \\text{if} ~ x\_i = y\_i \\end{aligned} \\right.

给你一棵包含 nn 个顶点的连通无向无环图(即一棵树),且每条边上都写有一个非负整数。

考虑所有顶点对 (v,u)(v, u)(这样的顶点对恰好有 n2n^2 个),并对每一对计算连接 vv 与 uu 的简单路径上所有边上的整数的按位异或(xor)值。若路径仅包含一个顶点(即 v=uv = u),则该路径上无边,其异或值定义为 00。

假设我们将得到的 n2n^2 个异或值按非递减顺序排序。你需要找出其中第 kk 小的值。

异或(xor)运算的定义如下:

给定两个整数 xx 和 yy,考虑它们的二进制表示(允许前导零):xk…x2x1x0x_k \dots x_2 x_1 x_0 和 yk…y2y1y0y_k \dots y_2 y_1 y_0(其中 kk 是足够大的整数,使得 xx 和 yy 的所有比特位均可被表示)。这里,xix_i 表示 xx 的第 ii 位,yiy_i 表示 yy 的第 ii 位。令 r=x⊕yr = x \oplus y 表示 xx 与 yy 的异或结果,则 rr 定义为 rk…r2r1r0r_k \dots r_2 r_1 r_0,其中:

r\_i = \\left\\{ \\begin{aligned} 1, ~ \\text{若} ~ x\_i \\ne y\_i \\\\ 0, ~ \\text{若} ~ x\_i = y\_i \\end{aligned} \\right.

输入格式

The first line contains two integers nn and kk (2≤n≤1062 \le n \le 10^6, 1≤k≤n21 \le k \le n^2) — the number of vertices in the tree and the number of path in the list with non-decreasing order.

Each of the following n−1n - 1 lines contains two integers pip_i and wiw_i (1≤pi≤i1 \le p_i \le i, 0≤wi<2620 \le w_i \lt 2^{62}) — the ancestor of vertex i+1i + 1 and the weight of the corresponding edge.

第一行包含两个整数 nn 和 kk(2≤n≤1062 \le n \le 10^6,1≤k≤n21 \le k \le n^2)—— 分别表示树中顶点的数量以及按非递减顺序排列的路径列表中的路径数量。

接下来的 n−1n - 1 行中,每行包含两个整数 pip_i 和 wiw_i(1≤pi≤i1 \le p_i \le i,0≤wi<2620 \le w_i \lt 2^{62})—— 分别表示顶点 i+1i + 1 的祖先及对应边的权重。

输出格式

Print one integer: kk-th smallest xor of a path in the tree.

输出一个整数:树中路径的异或值的第 kk 小值。

输入输出样例

  • 输入#1

    2 1
    1 3

    输出#1

    0
  • 输入#2

    3 6
    1 2
    1 3

    输出#2

    2

说明/提示

The tree in the second sample test looks like this:

For such a tree in total 99 paths exist:

  1. 1→11 \to 1 of value 00
  2. 2→22 \to 2 of value 00
  3. 3→33 \to 3 of value 00
  4. 2→32 \to 3 (goes through 11) of value 1=2⊕31 = 2 \oplus 3
  5. 3→23 \to 2 (goes through 11) of value 1=2⊕31 = 2 \oplus 3
  6. 1→21 \to 2 of value 22
  7. 2→12 \to 1 of value 22
  8. 1→31 \to 3 of value 33
  9. 3→13 \to 1 of value 33

第二个样例测试中的树如下所示:

对于这样一棵树,总共存在 99 条路径:

  1. 1→11 \to 1,权值为 00
  2. 2→22 \to 2,权值为 00
  3. 3→33 \to 3,权值为 00
  4. 2→32 \to 3(经过节点 11),权值为 1=2⊕31 = 2 \oplus 3
  5. 3→23 \to 2(经过节点 11),权值为 1=2⊕31 = 2 \oplus 3
  6. 1→21 \to 2,权值为 22
  7. 2→12 \to 1,权值为 22
  8. 1→31 \to 3,权值为 33
  9. 3→13 \to 1,权值为 33

输入解题思路,AI测评打分。不知道怎么写?

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