CF703D.Mishka and Interesting sum

普及/提高-

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题目描述

Little Mishka enjoys programming. Since her birthday has just passed, her friends decided to present her with array of non-negative integers a1,a2,...,ana_{1},a_{2},...,a_{n} of nn elements!

Mishka loved the array and she instantly decided to determine its beauty value, but she is too little and can't process large arrays. Right because of that she invited you to visit her and asked you to process mm queries.

Each query is processed in the following way:

  1. Two integers ll and rr ( 1<=l<=r<=n1<=l<=r<=n ) are specified — bounds of query segment.
  2. Integers, presented in array segment [l,r][l,r] (in sequence of integers al,al+1,...,ara_{l},a_{l+1},...,a_{r} ) even number of times, are written down.
  3. XOR-sum of written down integers is calculated, and this value is the answer for a query. Formally, if integers written down in point 2 are x1,x2,...,xkx_{1},x_{2},...,x_{k} , then Mishka wants to know the value , where — operator of exclusive bitwise OR.

Since only the little bears know the definition of array beauty, all you are to do is to answer each of queries presented.

输入格式

The first line of the input contains single integer nn ( 1<=n<=10000001<=n<=1000000 ) — the number of elements in the array.

The second line of the input contains nn integers a1,a2,...,ana_{1},a_{2},...,a_{n} ( 1<=ai<=1091<=a_{i}<=10^{9} ) — array elements.

The third line of the input contains single integer mm ( 1<=m<=10000001<=m<=1000000 ) — the number of queries.

Each of the next mm lines describes corresponding query by a pair of integers ll and rr ( 1<=l<=r<=n1<=l<=r<=n ) — the bounds of query segment.

输出格式

Print mm non-negative integers — the answers for the queries in the order they appear in the input.

输入输出样例

  • 输入#1

    3
    3 7 8
    1
    1 3
    

    输出#1

    0
    
  • 输入#2

    7
    1 2 1 3 3 2 3
    5
    4 7
    4 5
    1 3
    1 7
    1 5
    

    输出#2

    0
    3
    1
    3
    2
    

说明/提示

In the second sample:

There is no integers in the segment of the first query, presented even number of times in the segment — the answer is 00 .

In the second query there is only integer 33 is presented even number of times — the answer is 33 .

In the third query only integer 11 is written down — the answer is 11 .

In the fourth query all array elements are considered. Only 11 and 22 are presented there even number of times. The answer is .

In the fifth query 11 and 33 are written down. The answer is .

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